膦配体 Phosphine ligands： 膦的很多反应是以形成很强的磷酰键(P=O)为推动力的。三级膦易被空气氧化为氧化三烷基膦，一级膦如甲基膦 MePH2在空气中能自燃；三苯基膦在空气中稳定，但能被氧化剂氧化。 对称的三烷基膦特别是三苯基膦是很好的配位体，易与过渡金属形成磷金属键，这类络合物溶于有机溶剂，可作为均相催化剂，膦与金属络合的性质决定于σ键、π键及空间阻碍。
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